Naturally, only one value can be returned. Or - if a call is made without an assignment, and if the function returns a map-like object, it will add each key-value pair returned as a new variable into the execution context. Here below is an example jbang script that uses the Karate Java API to do some useful work. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Refer to karate.tags and karate.tagValues. A very useful capability is to be able to check that an array contains an object that contains the provided sub-set of keys instead of having to specify the complete JSON - which can get really cumbersome for large objects. Karate, created by Intuit a few years ago, has matured into a stable tool with unique functionality. You can selectively re-direct some HTTP requests that the browser makes - into a Karate test-double ! Also note that you dont use @Karate.Test for the method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @Test annotation. In the case of the call of a JavaScript function, you can also pass a JSON array or a primitive (string, number, boolean) as the solitary argument, and the function implementation is expected to handle whatever is passed. You can set this up for all subsequent requests or dynamically generate headers for each HTTP request if you configure headers. Get a cookie by name. Karate is an open-source API (SOAP & REST) testing automation tool written in Java. The .graphql and .gql extensions are also recognized (for GraphQL) but are handled the same way as .txt and treated as a string. A great example of how you can extend Karate, even bypass the HTTP client but still use Karates test-automation effectively, is this gRPC example by @thinkerou: karate-grpc. If the argument passed to the call of a *.feature file is a JSON array, something interesting happens. Might be desirable instead of, useful to brute-force all keys and values in a JSON or XML payload to lower-case, useful in some cases, see, functional-style map operation useful to transform list-like objects (e.g. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. But you can prefix the name with classpath: in which case the root folder would be src/test/java (assuming you are using the recommended folder structure). And path blog?page=2. "b": 2, } The need to wait until some text appears is so common, and with this - you dont need to worry about dealing with white-space such as line-feeds and invisible tab characters. Use a variable in the called feature instead, for e.g. Note how Karate is able to resolve a relative path to an actual OS file-path behind the scenes. returns the last HTTP response as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: returns the last HTTP request as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: get metadata about the currently executing, sets the value of a variable (immediately), which may be needed in case any other routines (such as the, where the single argument is expected to be a, only needed when you need to conditionally build payload elements, especially XML. match each can be combined with contains deep so that for each JSON object a deep contains match is performed within nested lists or objects. There are two types of code that can be call-ed. What we will do is intercept any request to a URL pattern *randomuser.me/* and fake a response. So you could have also done something like: Also refer to the configure keyword on how to switch on pretty-printing of all HTTP requests and responses. You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. For JUnit 5 you can omit the public modifier for the class and method, and there are some changes to import package names. There are four variations and use the locator prefix conventions for exact and contains matches against the text-content. Just re-fresh your browser window if you re-run the test. For example you can get a nice feature coverage report, provided you have a rich set of tags. Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. The following parameters are supported: For end-to-end examples in the Karate demos, look at the files in this folder. Refer to the demos for another example: soap.feature. Since Karate combines API testing capabilities, you can sign-in to your SSO store via a REST end-point, and then drop cookies onto the browser so that you can bypass the user log-in experience. You can use print to log variables to the console in the middle of a script. The retry keyword is designed to extend the existing method syntax (and should appear before a method step) like so: Any JavaScript expression that uses any variable in scope can be placed after the retry until part. First, you can maintain a JSON map of your application locators. Karate will scan the log for any string that starts with ws:// and kick things off from there. Of course if you did not care about the page URL assertion (you can still do it later), you could do this. 3+ years Selenium, Cucumber, BDD, Gherkin Karate or RestAssured framework, Jenkins and SonarCube . Karates approach is that all the step-definitions you need in order to work with HTTP, JSON and XML have been already implemented. You can read more about the Given-When-Then convention at the Cucumber reference documentation. Note how even calls to Java code can be made if needed. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. = . odd: '#(oddSchema)', This is best explained with an example. Here is the same example using this approach, where a couple of images need to be saved as part of the test-script: A video of the above execution can be viewed here. right: 1496 It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. """, """ More examples are available that showcase various ways of parameter-izing and dynamically manipulating SOAP requests in a data-driven fashion. This behavior where all key-value pairs in the returned map-like object get automatically added as variables - applies to the calling of *.feature files as well. This turns out to be very useful in practice, and this particular match jsonArray contains '#(^partialObject)' form has no in-line equivalent (see the third-from-last row above). return results.size() == 2 ? Observe how you can mix different locator types, because they are all just string-values that behave differently depending on whether the first character is a / (XPath), {} (wildcard), or not (CSS). Step 1: Create a feature file under src/test/java folder. input: { Ping me Now! 1+ years experience with Jira . This is useful for testing payloads with JSON arrays whose members have a few essential keys that you wish to validate. The default is: * configure driver = { headless: false }. Important: do not use the @RunWith(Karate.class) annotation. Here is an example: Rarely used, but when you want to just instantiate an Element instance, typically when you are writing custom re-usable functions, or using an element as a waypoint to access other elements in a large, complex tree. These examples (all exact matches) can make things more clear: Note that you can alternatively use JsonPath on the left-hand-side: But of course it is preferable to match whole objects in one step as far as possible. Behaves the same way as the. subType: Some third-party report-server solutions integrate with Karate such as ReportPortal.io. To define Karate DSL, in simple words, we can say that it is a blend of API test-automation, mocks and performance-testing with UI-testing into a single, unified framework. Also take a look at how a special case of embedded-expressions can remove key-value pairs from a JSON (or XML) payload: Remove if Null. A few more useful transforms are to select a sub-set of key-value pairs using karate.filterKeys(), merging 2 or more JSON-s using karate.merge() and combining 2 or more arrays (or objects) into a single array using karate.append(). In below image in get demo 4 scenario I have added few assertions. To make dynamic data-driven testing easier, the following keywords also exist: params, headers, cookies and form fields. Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. Heres how it works for XML: This comes in useful in some cases - and avoids needing to use the set keyword or JavaScript functions to manipulate JSON. In addition, it also supports mocks, performance testing, and Mobile test Automation with other inbuilt features You cant do things such as * url 'http://foo.bar' and expect the URL to be set in the called feature. The built-in retry until syntax should suffice for most needs, but if you have some specific needs, this demo example (using JavaScript) should get you up and running: polling.feature. Since these are tests and not production Java code, you dont need to be bound by the com.mycompany.foo.bar convention and the un-necessary explosion of sub-folders that ensues. Since waitFor() returns an Element instance on which you can call chained methods, this can be the pattern you use, which is very convenient and readable: Rarely used - but accepts multiple arguments for those tricky situations where a particular element may or may not be present in the page. Once defined, you can refer to a variable by name. They should be at the end of the karate.options. For every HTTP request made from Karate, the internal flow is as follows: This makes setting up of complex authentication schemes for your test-flows really easy. This method returns a boolean (true or false), perfect for asserting if an element exists and giving you the option to perform conditional logic, or manually fail the test. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. ##(subSchema) This is very common in the world of Maven users and keep in mind that these are tests and not production code. And creating tests may actually turn out to be fun ! id: '#regex[0-9]+', For example, you can: For an advanced example of how you can build and re-use a common set of JS functions, refer to this answer on Stack Overflow. function fn(x){ return x + 1 }. If a few steps in your flow need to temporarily change (or completely bypass) the currently-set header-manipulation scheme, just update configure headers to a new value (or set it to null) in the middle of a script. Internally, Karate will auto-convert JSON (and even XML) to Java Map objects. You can easily assign the whole response (or just parts of it using Json-Path or XPath) to a variable, and use it in later steps. Once you have a JSON or XML object, Karate provides multiple ways to manipulate, extract or transform data. results : null; But guess what - this example is baked into a Karate API, see waitForText(). Given this custom, user-defined Java class: This is how it can be called from a test-script via JavaScript, and yes, even static methods can be invoked: Note that JSON gets auto-converted to Map (or List) when making the cross-over to Java. For example, it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and API performance testing all in one framework. Native data types mean that you can insert them into a script without having to worry about enclosing them in strings and then having to escape double-quotes all over the place. Ideally you should return only pure JSON data (or a primitive string, number etc.). } Some XPath expressions return a list of nodes (instead of a single node). Get the outerHTML, so will include the markup of the selected element. A working example of calling a SOAP service can be found within the Karate project test-suite. Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. Prefer readability over re-use. It is worth taking a few minutes to go through the documentation and examples here: JsonPath Examples. And the returned JSON is dynamic, the lastName will modify response.json via an embedded-expression. But use wisely, because called scripts will now over-write variables that may have been already defined. And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. The rare need to double-click is supported as a doubleClick() method: Closes the browser. There is no concept of a default where for e.g. An advanced option is where the scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function. using the set keyword. This means: Where login.feature would look something like: There are many ways to parameterize the driver config or perform environment-switching, read this for more details. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). The section on Karate Expressions goes into the details. If you want to dynamically and programmatically determine the tags and features to be included - the API also accepts. Dont forget to leave a comment below! Instead, Karate gives you all you need as part of the syntax. Example: Get the HTML element attribute value by attribute name. } Since the eval keyword can be omitted when operating on variables using JavaScript, this leads to very concise code: Refer to eval for more / advanced examples. And this framework is the only API testing tool that has combined API Automation and performance testing into a single standalone tool. multipart file uploads can be tricky, and hard to get right. (with no space in between). For this you can use karate.stop() - but of course, NEVER forget to remove this before you move on to something else ! The same approach should apply to any Selenium grid provider such as Zalenium. This is useful when you want to express a one-off lengthy snippet of text in-line, without having to split it out into a separate file. You can even mix this into mouse() actions. And yes, you can use an if statement in Karate ! Instead you would typically use the match keyword, that is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response payloads. } In normal programming languages, global variables are a bad thing, but for test-automation (when you know what you are doing) - this can be really convenient. When you have a sequence of HTTP calls that need to be repeated for multiple test scripts, Karate allows you to treat a *.feature file as a re-usable unit. After you have switched, any future actions such as click() would operate within the selected